Artificial intelligence–assisted monitoring in anesthesia: from depth of sedation to predicting hemodynamic instability

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly changing the work of perioperative monitoring and making anesthesia reactive as opposed to proactive. Besides the traditional signs of the degree of sedation, artificial intelligence algorithms can be used to integrate a range of different sources that predict unstable hemodynamic processes, oxygen desaturation, and nociceptive changes in advance of clinical symptoms. One of the key elements of the future of precision perioperative medicine is AI-assisted monitoring because of the possibility of offering significant potential for increased patient safety and resource optimization. This can be facilitated by its predictive capacity, whereby the same method of safety can be applied to a heterogeneous group of patients to limit variation in results. The development of AI-assisted anesthesia is not a new part of the current structure, but it is a step towards the new era of perioperative procedures.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Closed-loop Anesthesia; Hemodynamic Instability; Nociception Monitoring;
Prediction; Predictive Analytics; Perioperative Medicine

Citation: Ahmed MAA, Nasar M, Khaliq H. Artificial intelligence–assisted monitoring in anesthesia: from depth of sedation to predicting hemodynamic instability (Editorial). Anaesth. pain intensive care 2025;29(8):825-827.
DOI: 10.35975/apic.v29i8.3002
Received: October 23, 2025; Accepted: October 26, 2025