Research Involving Human Subjects:

• When reporting on research that involves human subjects, human material, human tissues, or human data, authors must declare that the investigations were carried out following the rules of the Declaration of Helsinki of 1975 (https://www.wma.net/what-we-do/medical-ethics/declaration-of-helsinki/), revised in 2008.
• According to point 23 of this declaration, approval from an institutional ethics committee should have been obtained before undertaking the research. At a minimum, a statement including the project identification code, date of approval and name of the ethics committee or institutional review board should be cited in the Methodology Section of the article.
• Example of an ethical statement: "All subjects gave their informed consent for inclusion before they participated in the study. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of XXX, vide No. xxxx (Project identification code), dated xxxx."
• A copy of the institutional ethics committee certificate must be sent with the manuscript.
• Data relating to individual participants must be described in detail, but private information identifying participants need not be included unless the identifiable materials are of relevance to the research (for example, photographs of participants’ faces that show a particular symptom); in which case express written permission of the individual/s must be obtained.  Editors reserve the right to reject any submission that does not meet these requirements.
• Written informed consent for publication must be obtained from participating patients who can be identified (including by the patients themselves). Patients’ initials or other personal identifiers must not appear in an image. For manuscripts that include any case details, personal information, and/or images of patients, authors must obtain signed informed consent from patients (or their relatives/guardians) before submitting to this journal. Patient details must be concealed as far as possible, e.g., do not mention specific age, ethnicity, or occupation, if these are not relevant to the conclusions.
• Alternatively, you may provide a detailed justification of why informed consent is not necessary. For the purposes of publishing in ‘Anaesthesia, Pain & Intensive Care’ , a consent, permission, or release form should include unlimited permission for publication in all formats (including print, electronic, and online), in sublicensed and reprinted versions (including translations and derived works), and in other works and products under open access license. To respect patients’ and any other individual’s privacy, please do not send signed forms. The journal reserves the right to ask authors to provide signed forms if necessary.

Research Involving Animals:

• Evidence for approval by an institutional ethics committee (for both human as well as animal studies) must be supplied by the authors.
• Animal experimental procedures should be as humane as possible and the details of anesthetics and analgesics or procedures used should be clearly stated.
• The ethical standards of experiments must be in accordance with the guidelines provided by the CPCSEA and World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki on Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Humans for studies involving experimental animals and human beings, respectively).
• Procedures involving animals should be designed and performed with due consideration of their relevance to human or animal health, the advancement of knowledge, or the good of society." The use of animals is also justified to provide scientific, veterinary, and medical training that is not possible through other mechanisms.
• Analgesics and other techniques should be used to minimize discomfort and pain except when the intervention would compromise experimental goals. Appropriate anesthetics must be used to eliminate sensibility to pain during all surgical procedures.
• The journal will not consider any paper which is ethically unacceptable. Following websites provide more insight into guidelines regarding animal use in research;

U.S. Government Principles for the Utilization and Care of Vertebrate Animals Used in Testing, Research, and Training

https://www.etikkom.no/en/ethical-guidelines-for-research/ethical-guidelines-for-the-use-of-animals-in-research/

Publication Ethics Statement:

The editors of ‘Anaesthesia, Pain & Intensive Care’  enforce a rigorous peer-review process together with strict ethical policies and standards to ensure to add high-quality scientific works to the field of scholarly publication. Authors wishing to publish their papers in ‘Anaesthesia, Pain & Intensive Care’  must abide by the following:

• Any facts that might be perceived as a possible conflict of interest of the author(s) must be disclosed in the paper prior to submission.
• Authors should accurately present their research findings and include an objective discussion of the significance of their findings.
• Data and methods used in the research need to be presented in sufficient detail in the paper so that other researchers can replicate the work.
• Simultaneous submission of manuscripts to more than one journal is not. acceptable
• Republishing content that is not novel is not acceptable (e.g., English translation of a paper published earlier in another language).
• If errors and inaccuracies are found by the authors after publication of their paper, they need to be promptly communicated to the editors of this journal so that appropriate actions can be taken. 

Your manuscript should not contain any information that has already been published. If you include already published figures or images, please obtain the necessary permission from the copyright holder to publish under the CC-BY license.